Search results for "Middle income countries"

showing 10 items of 22 documents

Demographic structure and the security of property rights: The role of development and democracy

2013

Abstract It is often argued that countries with a high population share of children and young workers should attract large capital inflows from aging industrialized economies. However, many of these countries deter foreign investors by a high risk of creeping or outright expropriation. In this paper we explore whether the correlation between countries' demographic structure and the perceived security of property rights reflects a causal relationship. We show that, in low-income countries, the ratio of young to old workers has a positive effect on the perceived security of property rights if the political system is sufficiently democratic. By contrast, this relationship cannot be observed in…

Economics and Econometricseducation.field_of_studymedia_common.quotation_subjectMiddle income countriesPopulationDemocracyMarket economyPolitical systemExpropriationProperty rightsCapital (economics)Political Science and International RelationsDevelopment economicsEconomicseducationDemographic structuremedia_commonEuropean Journal of Political Economy
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Association between Food Insecurity and Sarcopenia among Adults Aged ≥65 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021

Limited literature has investigated the association between food insecurity and sarcopenia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between food insecurity and sarcopenia among adults aged ≥65 years in six LMICs. Community-based cross-sectional data of the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low skeletal muscle mass based on indirect population formula, and either slow gait or low handgrip strength. In the past, 12-month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Multivariable logistic reg…

MalePopulation030209 endocrinology & metabolismLogistic regressionArticleOddshungersarcopenia03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineEnvironmental healthfood insecurityPrevalencemedicineHumansTX341-641030212 general & internal medicinelow- and middle-income countrieseducationDeveloping CountriesPovertyAgedAged 80 and over2. Zero hungereducation.field_of_studyNutrition and DieteticsHigh prevalencebusiness.industryNutrition. Foods and food supplyConfoundingLow-and middle-income countriesdigestive oral and skin physiologyMiddle Agedmedicine.disease3. Good healthFood insecuritybody regionsCross-Sectional Studiesold adults.Low and middle income countriesSmith L. Jacob L. Barnett Y. Butler L. T. Shin J. I. López-Sánchez G. F. Soysal P. Veronese N. Haro J. M. Koyanagi A. -Association between Food Insecurity and Sarcopenia among Adults Aged ≥65 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.- Nutrients cilt.13 2021Sarcopenialow- and middle-income countrieold adultsFemalebusiness[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutritionhuman activitiesFood ScienceNutrients
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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for th…

2020

Background: Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods: We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuri…

Low income countriesmedicine.medical_treatment030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyGlobal HealthTHERAPYGlobal Burden of Disease0302 clinical medicinePrevalenceGlobal healthMedicineWATER030212 general & internal medicineChildren11 Medical and Health SciencesIncidenceMortality rateIncidence (epidemiology)1. No povertyGeneral Medicine3142 Public health care science environmental and occupational healthDiarrhoea3. Good healthChild PreschoolMiddle income countriesA990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classifiedTERRITORIESLife Sciences & BiomedicineInfantsDiarrheaAFRICAmedicine.medical_specialtyChildhood deathsRJsanitationDeveloping countryChildhood diarrhoeal morbidityITC-HYBRID03 medical and health sciencesMedicine General & InternalGeneral & Internal MedicineEnvironmental healthSYSTEMATIC ANALYSISLife ScienceHumansHealthcare DisparitiesOral rehydration therapyRisk factorhand washingDeveloping CountriesDisease burdenGlobal NutritionWereldvoedingScience & TechnologySEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITYbusiness.industryCHOLERAPublic healthBayes Theoremdiarrheal diseaseLocal Burden of Disease Diarrhoea CollaboratorsITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLENAHuman medicineDiarreabusiness
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Department of Error

2018

Reiner RC Jr, Hay SI. Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2020; 395: 1779–801—In this Article, the author byline has been amended to Local Burden of Disease Diarrhoea Collaborators. This correction has been made to the online version as of June 4, 2020, and the printed version is correct. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Burden of disease030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicinebusiness.industryLow income and middle income countriesGeneral MedicineSpecific mortality030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyArticle3. Good health03 medical and health sciencesGeography0302 clinical medicineEnvironmental healthMedicine030212 general & internal medicineGeographical inequalitiesbusinessDemographyThe Lancet
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The association between diabetes and cataract among 42,469 community-dwelling adults in six low- and middle-income countries

2018

Background: Cataract is a major cause of visual impairment in people with diabetes, yet a paucity of data is available in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on this comorbidity. Thus we assessed the association between diabetes and cataract in 6 LMICs. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) was analyzed (n = 42,469 aged ≥18 years). Five years information on self-reported diagnosis of cataract was collected. Three definitions for cataract were used: (a) Self-reported diagnosis and/or past 12-month symptoms; (b) Solely self-reported diagnosis; and (c) Surgical treatment for cataract in the past five years. Diabetes was base…

AdultMalePediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismVisual impairment030209 endocrinology & metabolismcataract diabetesLogistic regressionCataractDiabetes Complications03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineEndocrinologyQuality of lifeDiabetes mellitusCommunity-basedInternal MedicinemedicineHumans030212 general & internal medicineSurgical treatmentPovertyLow- and middle-income countriesbusiness.industryDiabetesTreatment optionsGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseaseComorbidityCross-Sectional StudiesSocial ClassLow and middle income countriesQuality of LifeFemaleIndependent Livingmedicine.symptombusinessDiabetes Research and Clinical Practice
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Air pollution and stroke. A new modifiable risk factor is in the air

2019

Abstract Evidence from epidemiological studies has demonstrated that outdoor air pollution is now a well-known major problem of public health, mainly in low and middle income countries. Contrasting with myocardial infarction , there are few data on the association of air pollution and stroke. Methods We propose a narrative literature review of the effects and the underlying biological mechanisms of short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants on stroke risk and mortality, using the following key-words: stroke, cerebrovascular events, ischemic and haemorrhage stroke, transient ischaemic attack , mortality, air pollution and air pollutants. Results Twenty-one papers were selected. Air poll…

medicine.medical_specialty[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]Air pollutionComorbiditymedicine.disease_causeEffect Modifier Epidemiologic03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineRisk FactorsEnvironmental healthAir PollutionEpidemiologymedicineHumanscardiovascular diseases030212 general & internal medicineMyocardial infarctionRisk factorStrokeInhalation Exposurebusiness.industryPublic healthMortality ratemedicine.disease3. Good healthStrokeNeurologyLow and middle income countriesIschemic Attack TransientParticulate MatterNeurology (clinical)business030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Objectively measured far vision impairment and sarcopenia among adults aged ≥ 65 years from six low- and middle-income countries

2021

Background:\ud \ud There are currently no studies on visual impairment and sarcopenia. We investigated the cross-sectional association between objectively measured far vision impairment and sarcopenia in a nationally representative sample of older adults aged 65 years and over from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud Cross-sectional, community-based data from the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Far vision acuity was measured using the tumbling E LogMAR chart and classified as: no vision impairment (6/12 or better); mild vision impairment (6/18 or better but worse than 6/12); moderate vision impairment (6/60 or better but worse t…

MaleGerontologySarcopeniaAginggenetic structuresVisual impairmentPsychological interventionSmith L. López-Sánchez G. F. Jacob L. Barnett Y. Pardhan S. Veronese N. Soysal P. Tully M. A. Gorely T. Shin J. I. et al. -Objectively measured far vision impairment and sarcopenia among adults aged ≥ 65 years from six low- and middle-income countries.- Aging clinical and experimental research 2021Logistic regression03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineLogMAR chartHumansMedicine030212 general & internal medicineDeveloping CountriesExerciseAgedHand Strengthbusiness.industryConfoundingmedicine.diseaseCross-Sectional StudiesAgeingLow and middle income countriesSarcopeniaFemaleGeriatrics and Gerontologymedicine.symptomFar vision impairment Low- and middle-income countries Older adults Sarcopenia Visual impairmentbusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryAging Clinical and Experimental Research
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Multimorbidity and anxiety symptoms among adults aged 50 years and over from six low- and middle-income countries

2021

Currently, there are limited data on the association between multimorbidity (i.e., ≥ 2 chronic conditions) and anxiety, especially among the older population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the association between multimorbidity and anxiety symptoms in a large sample of adults aged ≥ 50 years from six LMICs (China, India, Ghana, Mexico, Russia, South Africa). Cross-sectional, nationally representative, community-based data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were analysed. A total of 11 chronic physical conditions were assessed. Anxiety symptoms referred to extreme/severe problems with worry or anxiety in the…

medicine.medical_specialtymultimorbiditybusiness.industrymedia_common.quotation_subjectmulticountryLogistic regressionanxietyOddsOlder populationLow and middle income countriesEpidemiologymedicineAnxietySmıth L. F. López Sánchez G. Shin J. I. Soysal P. Veronese N. -Multimorbidity and Anxiety Symptoms among Adults Aged 50 Years and Over from Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries- Journal of Ageing and Longevity cilt.1 sa.1 ss.36-47 2021epidemiologylow- and middle-income countriesmedicine.symptomWorrybusinessAdult healtholder adultsDemographymedia_common
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Fruit and vegetable consumption and sarcopenia among older adults in low- and middle-income countries

2020

Fruit and vegetable consumption may protect against sarcopenia but there are no studies on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we assessed this association among older adults from six LMICs. Community-based cross-sectional data of the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low skeletal muscle mass based on indirect population formula, and either slow gait or low handgrip strength. Quintiles of vegetable and fruit consumption were created based on the number of servings consumed on a typical day. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The sample consisted of 14,585 individuals aged &ge

MaleFuture studiesLogistic regressionPersones gransolder peopleEating0302 clinical medicineVegetablesvegetablefruit low- and middle-income countries older people sarcopenia vegetablelow- and middle-income countries030212 general & internal medicineAged 80 and over2. Zero hungereducation.field_of_studyNutrition and DieteticsHand StrengthSmokingAge Factors3. Good healthIncomeFemalelcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supplyAlcohol DrinkingPopulationlcsh:TX341-641030209 endocrinology & metabolismArticleOddssarcopenia03 medical and health sciencesSex FactorsmedicineHumanseducationDeveloping CountriesExercisePovertyHortalissesAdult healthAgedConsumption (economics)business.industryLow‐ and middle‐income countriesfruitmedicine.diseaseFruitaCross-Sectional StudiesLow and middle income countriesFruitSarcopeniaOlder peoplebusiness[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutritionhuman activitiesFood ScienceDemography
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Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17

2020

Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage o…

RJ101medicine.medical_treatmentCHILDRENZINC0302 clinical medicine030212 general & internal medicinemedia_commonGeographylcsh:Public aspects of medicine1. No povertyLow income and middle income countriesGeneral Medicine3142 Public health care science environmental and occupational health3. Good healthPeer reviewGeographyChild PreschoolA990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classifiedGeographical inequalities0605 MicrobiologyDiarrheaAFRICAInequalityDEATHSmedia_common.quotation_subject030231 tropical medicineDeveloping countryArticleRS1117 Public Health and Health Services03 medical and health sciencesMORBIDITYEnvironmental healthDIARRHEAL DISEASEmedicineHumansOral rehydration therapyHealthcare DisparitiesDeveloping CountriesModels StatisticalCHOLERAMORTALITYInfant NewbornInfantlcsh:RA1-1270Bayes TheoremMiddle incomeGLOBAL BURDENChild mortality0605 Microbiology 1117 Public Health and Health ServicesHealth Care SurveysITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLEFluid TherapyNAHuman medicineITC-GOLD
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